{"id":6360,"date":"2024-09-29T16:40:01","date_gmt":"2024-09-29T16:40:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pawel.stefanoff.pl\/bugs\/?p=6360"},"modified":"2026-07-08T17:12:33","modified_gmt":"2026-07-08T17:12:33","slug":"2024-09-high-tech-biology-of-the-oriental-hornet-pl","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/pawel.stefanoff.pl\/bugs\/pl\/posts\/2024-09-high-tech-biology-of-the-oriental-hornet-pl\/","title":{"rendered":"Zab\u00f3jcy zasilani energi\u0105 s\u0142oneczn\u0105: Zaawansowana biologia szerszenia wschodniego"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Poznajcie szerszenia wschodniego (<em>Vespa orientalis<\/em>) \u2013 fascynuj\u0105cego, czerwonobr\u0105zowego owada spo\u0142ecznego, pochodz\u0105cego z ciep\u0142ych i suchych rejon\u00f3w Afryki P\u00f3\u0142nocnej, Bliskiego Wschodu oraz cz\u0119\u015bci Europy Po\u0142udniowej. Podczas gdy wi\u0119kszo\u015b\u0107 osowatych (rodzina: <em>Vespidae<\/em>) preferuje ch\u0142odniejsze pory \u015bwitu lub zmierzchu, te szerszenie s\u0105 przystosowane do szczytowej aktywno\u015bci w samym \u015brodku dnia. Co ciekawe, s\u0105 one praktycznie zasilane energi\u0105 s\u0142oneczn\u0105! Ich pancerz zawiera \u017c\u00f3\u0142ty barwnik \u2013 ksantopteryn\u0119, kt\u00f3ra poch\u0142ania \u015bwiat\u0142o s\u0142oneczne i przekszta\u0142ca je w energi\u0119 elektryczn\u0105. Jakby tego by\u0142o ma\u0142o, specjalne receptory elektromagnetyczne na ich odw\u0142oku dzia\u0142aj\u0105 niczym zaawansowany kompas wewn\u0119trzny. Naukowcy uwa\u017caj\u0105, \u017ce system ten pomaga im wykrywa\u0107 grawitacj\u0119, czyni\u0105c z nich mistrz\u00f3w w budowaniu podziemnych gniazd. G\u0142\u0119boko wewn\u0105trz tych kolonii larwy pocieraj\u0105 aparatami g\u0119bowymi o \u015bciany plastr\u00f3w, generuj\u0105c rytmiczny sygna\u0142 d\u017awi\u0119kowy, kt\u00f3rym domagaj\u0105 si\u0119 jedzenia od doros\u0142ych robotnic. Niestety, ich ulubionym przysmakiem s\u0105 pszczo\u0142y miodne, przez co stanowi\u0105 niszczycielskie zagro\u017cenie dla zapylaczy i staj\u0105 si\u0119 coraz bardziej problematycznym gatunkiem inwazyjnym w Europie Po\u0142udniowej, gdzie stopniowo si\u0119 przesiedlaj\u0105 wraz z ociepleniem klimatu. Kilka takich szerszeni zauwa\u017cy\u0142em pod starym gmachem zabytkowej Szko\u0142y Anargyriosa i Korgialeniosa na wyspie Spetses. Przyci\u0105ga\u0142a je woda wyciekaj\u0105ca z klimatyzator\u00f3w z ty\u0142u budynku. Robienie zdj\u0119\u0107 w o\u015blepiaj\u0105cym, pe\u0142nym s\u0142o\u0144cu by\u0142o ogromnym wyzwaniem, ale poniewa\u017c owady stale wraca\u0142y w to samo miejsce, zyska\u0142em idealny poligon do\u015bwiadczalny do testowania r\u00f3\u017cnych ustawie\u0144 aparatu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Poznajcie szerszenia wschodniego (Vespa orientalis) \u2013 fascynuj\u0105cego, czerwonobr\u0105zowego owada spo\u0142ecznego, pochodz\u0105cego z ciep\u0142ych i suchych rejon\u00f3w Afryki P\u00f3\u0142nocnej, Bliskiego Wschodu [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":6355,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"site-sidebar-layout":"default","site-content-layout":"","ast-site-content-layout":"default","site-content-style":"default","site-sidebar-style":"default","ast-global-header-display":"","ast-banner-title-visibility":"","ast-main-header-display":"","ast-hfb-above-header-display":"","ast-hfb-below-header-display":"","ast-hfb-mobile-header-display":"","site-post-title":"","ast-breadcrumbs-content":"","ast-featured-img":"","footer-sml-layout":"","ast-disable-related-posts":"","theme-transparent-header-meta":"","adv-header-id-meta":"","stick-header-meta":"","header-above-stick-meta":"","header-main-stick-meta":"","header-below-stick-meta":"","astra-migrate-meta-layouts":"default","ast-page-background-enabled":"default","ast-page-background-meta":{"desktop":{"background-color":"var(--ast-global-color-5)","background-image":"","background-repeat":"repeat","background-position":"center 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