It was a pleasure to have this plenary presentation on the second ESCAIDE conference. I presented the concept of using free-grazing household animals as sentinels for tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) risk for humans. We collected sera from 82 goat-breeding farms located all around Poland and tested using an ELISA antibody test adapted for testing materials from goats. The presentation triggered interesting discussions. Unfortunately it was never published in a peer-reviewed journal, due to other priorities and a small conflict among co-investigators. Therefore, this presentation is the most comprehensive summary of this valuable investigation!