Submerged snorkels and cross-country flights: The secret life of the migrant marsh fly

Meet the migrant marsh fly (Helophilus affinis), a striking hoverfly (family: Syrphidae) that perfectly blends rugged northern adaptability with an extraordinary capacity for long-distance travel. While we often think of hoverflies as local garden residents, this species is a true nomad, flying massive distances to forage and migrate. Because they travel much farther than typical bees, they can transport pollen and help spread isolated plant populations. Their bodies are covered in specialized, pollen-gathering hairs, making them incredibly efficient pollinators as they groom themselves and spread pollen from bloom to bloom. But their early life is a completely different story. The larvae are entirely aquatic, developing in stagnant, muck-filled water. To survive in these oxygen-poor environments, they are equipped with a bizarre, long, telescoping “tail” that functions as an underwater snorkel, allowing them to breathe fresh air from the surface while submerged in decaying mud. I crossed paths with this exceptional traveler in a lush Swedish meadow, but I managed to snap only a single frame before the flash startled her into the air. I’m incredibly glad I got the shot, but I am definitely hoping for a longer rematch next time!

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