One spot or two? Meeting the world-traveling small white butterfly

Fluttering gracefully across sunny gardens and open fields, the small white (Pieris rapae)—often called the cabbage white—is one of the most familiar butterflies in the world. With a wingspan of 32 to 48 millimeters, its creamy white wings sport dark tips and a secret code: males feature just a single black spot on each upper forewing, while females display two! Beneath its gentle, fluttering appearance lies an extraordinary story of survival. Originally from Europe, Asia, and North Africa, this resilient traveler accidentally hitched rides on human trading ships, spreading across North America, Australia, and New Zealand. A single female can lay up to 800 eggs, and her velvety green caterpillars are famous for their voracious appetite for cabbages, kale, and broccoli. I met this handsome male on a wide, sunlit meadow near Akalla, Sweden. He kept me on my toes, darting from stem to stem every few meters, until he finally paused for a quiet moment to let me snap a few close-ups!

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